Forms EIA uses to collect energy data including descriptions, links to survey instructions, and additional information. Office of Highway Policy Information, Federal Highway Administration. Sales, revenue and prices, power plants, fuel use, stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions. To estimate losses of growing trees, in lieu of a census conducted to accurately account for the total amount of seedlings planted versus surviving to a certain age, the sequestration rate (in lbs per tree) is multiplied by the survival factor to yield a probability-weighted sequestration rate. The calculation takes into account “survival factors” developed by U.S. DOE (1998). This includes the amount of energy needed to charge a fully depleted smartphone battery and maintain that full charge throughout the day. Emissions from drained organic soils in forestland and drained organic soils in cropland vary based on the drainage depth and climate (IPCC 2006). These values include carbon in the five forest pools: aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, dead wood, litter, and soil organic and mineral carbon, and are based on state-level Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data. Monthly Energy Review March 2019, Table A5: Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke. You’ll find the very best grow light selection for indoor gardening, aquaponics and hydroponics at Hawthorne Gardening Company. The average carbon dioxide coefficient of natural gas is 0.0549 kg CO2 per cubic foot (EIA 2019c). Carbon dioxide emissions avoided per year per wind turbine installed were determined by multiplying the average electricity generated per wind turbine in a year by the annual wind national marginal emission rate (EPA 2019). Yearly Heat Loss (million BTU/yr) wall 1: wall 2: wall 3: wall 4: Windows & Doors Enter the area and R value for each group of windows or doors having the same R value. For example, the number 525,000,000 could be written as 5.25E+08. U.S. Carbon Stock Density in Year 2017 = (57,546 MMT C × 106) / (273,623 thou. Forests are defined herein as managed forests that have been classified as forests for over 20 years (i.e., excluding forests converted to/from other land-use types). The IPCC (2006) guidelines indicate that there are insufficient data to provide a default approach or parameters to estimate carbon stock change from dead organic matter pools or belowground carbon stocks in perennial cropland (IPCC 2006). The national average carbon dioxide output rate for electricity generated in 2016 was 998.4 lbs CO2 per megawatt-hour (EPA 2018), which translates to about 1,072.1 lbs CO2 per megawatt-hour for delivered electricity, assuming transmission and distribution losses of 6.9% (EIA 2019b; EPA 2018).1. Annex 2 (Methodology for estimating CO, 2019 Annual Energy Outlook, Table A4: Residential Sector Key Indicators and Consumption, 2019 Annual Energy Outlook, Table A8: Electricity Supply, Disposition, Prices, and Emissions. For example, the energy in a 300-food calorie ice cream cone is about the same as the amount of electricity required to light a 100-watt incandescent light bulb for 3.5 hours. 2.94 metric tons CO2 equivalent /short ton of waste recycled instead of landfilled × 1 short ton/2,000 lbs × 111 lbs of waste/cubic yard × 1 cubic yard/173.57 dry gallons × 25 gallons/trash bag = 2.35 x 10-2 metric tons CO2 equivalent/trash bag of waste recycled instead of landfilled. 1 The annual 2018 U.S. transmission and distribution losses were determined as ((Net Generation to the Grid + Net Imports – Total Electricity Sales)/Total Electricity Sales) (i.e., (4,003 + 54 –3,796)/3,796 = 6.87%). (AVERT, U.S. national weighted average CO2 marginal emission rate, year 2018 data). The amount of waste in an average garbage truck was assumed to be 7 tons (EPA 2002). Organic soils also emit CO2 when drained. Use the ventilation calculator to determine the annual energy consumption and cost for heating ventilation air … Ventilation Cost Calculator. doi. Come test out some of the products still in development and let us know what you think! These emission factors were developed following a life-cycle assessment methodology using estimation techniques developed for national inventories of greenhouse gas emissions. These are calculated using GWPs from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report. Therefore, the weighted average carbon sequestered by a medium growth coniferous or deciduous tree, planted in an urban setting and allowed to grow for 10 years, is 36.4 lbs of carbon per tree. Note that this represents CO2 avoided in the year of conversion. 0.0053 metric tons CO2/therm x 10.37 therms/Mcf = 0.0549 metric tons CO2/Mcf. To obtain the amount of energy consumed to charge the smartphone, subtract the amount of energy consumed in “maintenance mode” (0.14 Watts times 22 hours) from the 24-hour energy consumed (14.17 Watt-hours). 8.89 × 10-3 metric tons CO2/gallon × 8,500 gallons/tanker truck = 75.54 metric tons CO2/tanker truck. In the preamble to the joint EPA/Department of Transportation rulemaking on May 7, 2010 that established the initial National Program fuel economy standards for model years 2012-2016, the agencies stated that they had agreed to use a common conversion factor of 8,887 grams of CO2 emissions per gallon of gasoline consumed (Federal Register 2010). The national weighted average carbon dioxide marginal emission rate for delivered electricity in 2018 was 1,558.8 lbs CO2 per megawatt-hour, which accounts for losses during transmission and distribution (EPA 2019). This page describes the calculations used to convert greenhouse gas emission numbers into different types of equivalent units. Carbon dioxide emissions reduced per light bulb switched from an incandescent bulb to a light-emitting diode bulb are calculated by multiplying annual energy savings by the national weighted average carbon dioxide marginal emission rate for delivered electricity. 34 watts x 3 hours/day x 365 days/year x 1 kWh/1,000 Wh = 37.2 kWh/year/bulb replaced, 37.2 kWh/bulb/year x 1,558.8 pounds CO2/MWh delivered electricity x 1 MWh/1,000 kWh x 1 metric ton/2,204.6 lbs = 2.63 x 10-2 metric tons CO2/bulb replaced, In 2018, 120.3 million homes in the United States consumed 1,462 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity (EIA 2019a). 2011). 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands. The +08 indicates the decimal should be moved eight places to the right. This method estimates only direct sequestration of carbon, and does not include the energy savings that result from buildings being shaded by urban tree cover. This value assumes that all the carbon in the gasoline is converted to CO2 (IPCC 2006). The annual change in emissions from one hectare of drained organic soils can be calculated as the difference between the emission factors for forest soils and cropland soils. Annual Change in Biomass Carbon Stocks on Land Converted to Other Land-Use Category, ∆CB = annual change in carbon stocks in biomass on land converted to another land-use category (i.e., change in biomass on land converted from forest to cropland), ∆CG = annual increase in carbon stocks in biomass due to growth on land converted to another land-use category (i.e., 2.25 metric tons C/hectare on cropland one year after conversion from forestland), CConversion =initial change in carbon stocks in biomass on land converted to another land-use category. When calculating carbon stock changes in biomass due to conversion from forestland to cropland, the IPCC guidelines indicate that the average carbon stock change is equal to the carbon stock change due to removal of biomass from the outgoing land use (i.e., forestland) plus the carbon stocks from one year of growth in the incoming land use (i.e., cropland), or the carbon in biomass immediately after the conversion minus the carbon in biomass prior to the conversion plus the carbon stocks from one year of growth in the incoming land use (i.e., cropland) (IPCC 2006). Carbon dioxide emissions per therm are determined by converting million British thermal units (mmbtu) to therms, then multiplying the carbon coefficient times the fraction oxidized times the ratio of the molecular weight of carbon dioxide to carbon (44/12). A negative number after the E means the decimal should be moved a certain number of places to the left. On average, each home consumed 12,146 kWh of delivered electricity (EIA 2019a). A marginal emission factor is the best representation to estimate which fossil-fired units EE/RE are displacing across the fossil fleet. Minimum BTU Needed - This is the minimum amount of BTU output the heater you use should have. One food calorie is equal to 1,000 calories, or 1 kilocalorie. When it comes to grow lights we have what you’re looking for, grow light bulbs and lamps, grow light hangers, grow light timers, grow light parts, grow light accessories and power cords for grow lights. 0.1 mmbtu/1 therm × 14.43 kg C/mmbtu × 44 kg CO2/12 kg C × 1 metric ton/1,000 kg = 0.0053 metric tons CO2/therm. Greenhouse gas data, voluntary reporting, electric power plant emissions. The fraction oxidized to CO2 is assumed to be 100 percent (IPCC 2006). To estimate CO2 not emitted when an acre of forest is preserved from conversion to cropland, simply multiply the number of acres of forest not converted by -147.83 mt CO2/acre/year. The amount of coal in an average railcar was assumed to be 100.19 short tons, or 90.89 metric tons (Hancock 2001). You may need a PDF reader to view some of the files on this page. This percentage considers all transmission and distribution losses that occur between net generation and electricity sales. State energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. hectares × 103) = 210 metric tons of carbon stored per hectare, Annual Net Change in Carbon Stock per Area in Year 2017 = (-141.2 MMT C × 106) / (273,623 thou. Carbon dioxide emissions per therm can be converted to carbon dioxide emissions per thousand cubic feet (Mcf) using the average heat content of natural gas in 2017, 10.37 therms/Mcf (EIA 2019). The fraction oxidized is 100 percent (IPCC 2006). Maintenance mode power, also known as the power consumed when the phone is fully charged and the charger is still plugged in, is 0.14 Watts (DOE 2019). McPherson, E. G.; van D. N. S.; Peper, P. J. The nursery-grown trees are then planted in a suburban/urban setting; the trees are not densely planted. 12,146 kWh per home × 998.4 lbs CO2 per megawatt-hour generated × 1/(1-0.069) MWh delivered/MWh generated × 1 MWh/1,000 kWh × 1 metric ton/2,204.6 lb = 5.906 metric tons CO2/home. The average heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector in the U.S. in 2017 was 20.92 mmbtu per metric ton (EIA 2019). Carbon dioxide emissions per pound of propane were determined by multiplying the weight of propane in a cylinder times the carbon content percentage times the fraction oxidized times the ratio of the molecular weight of carbon dioxide to that of carbon (44/12). This value assumes that all the carbon in the diesel is converted to CO2 (IPCC 2006). Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, and other liquids including biofuels and natural gas liquids. Total CO2 emissions for energy use per home: 5.906 metric tons CO2 for electricity + 2.21 metric tons CO2 for natural gas + 0.25 metric tons CO2 for liquid petroleum gas + 0.30 metric tons CO2 for fuel oil = 8.67 metric tons CO2 per home per year. Growing forests accumulate and store carbon. The data are from the Annual Energy Outlook 2019, Table A8: Electricity Supply, Disposition, Prices, and Emissions available at: https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/. Carbon dioxide emissions per pound of coal were determined by multiplying heat content times the carbon coefficient times the fraction oxidized times the ratio of the molecular weight of carbon dioxide to that of carbon (44/12). These plants emitted 1,140,649,958.9 metric tons of CO2 in 2016. Of a sample of approximately 11,000 coniferous and deciduous trees in seventeen major U.S. cities, approximately 11 percent and 89 percent of sampled trees were coniferous and deciduous, respectively (McPherson et al. The average carbon dioxide coefficient of liquefied petroleum gases is 235.7 kg CO2 per 42-gallon barrel (EPA 2018). Natural gas: 40,190 cubic feet per home × 0.0549 kg CO2/cubic foot × 1/1,000 kg/metric ton = 2.21 metric tons CO2/home, 3. The energy cost calculator assumes the prices below and that 40% of Economy 7 electricity consumption is at the night rate. In 2017, the weighted average combined fuel economy of cars and light trucks was 22.3 miles per gallon (FHWA 2019). U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1000 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20585, Biofuels: Ethanol and Biomass-based diesel, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). The fraction oxidized is 100 percent (IPCC 2006). Annual home electricity consumption was multiplied by the carbon dioxide emission rate (per unit of electricity delivered) to determine annual carbon dioxide emissions per home. Energy use in homes, commercial buildings, manufacturing, and transportation. Therefore, the carbon stock in cropland after one year of growth is estimated to be 2.25 metric tons C per hectare (or 0.91 metric tons C per acre). Subscribe to feeds for updates on EIA products including Today in Energy and What's New. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Appliance and Equipment Standards Program, Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Battery Chargers; Final Rule, page 38,284 (PDF), This calculation does not include any greenhouse gases other than CO, Regional marginal emission rates are also available on the. The U.S. annual wind national marginal emission rate to convert reductions of kilowatt-hours into avoided units of carbon dioxide emissions is 6.62 x 10-4 (EPA 2019). In most U.S. forests, growth exceeds removals and decomposition, so the amount of carbon stored nationally is increasing overall, though at a decreasing rate. For example, after 5 years (one year in the nursery and 4 in the urban setting), the probability of survival is 68 percent; after 10 years, the probability declines to 59 percent. Hancock, Kathleen and Sreekanth, Ande. The volume of a standard-sized trash bag was assumed to be 25 gallons, based on a typical range of 20 to 30 gallons (EPA 2016b). Greenhouse Heater Size Calculator: Surface Area of Structure - This is the total square feet of exposed surface area (this is not length x width) your structure has (don't include floor).To find out the surface area of a greenhouse we sell, click here.To find the surface area of a different greenhouse, click here to use our greenhouse area calculators. The carbon stock in annual cropland biomass after one year is 5 metric tons C per hectare, and the carbon content of dry aboveground biomass is 45 percent (IPCC 2006). 1,140,649,958.9 metric tons of CO2 × 1/293 power plants = 3,893,003.27 metric tons CO2/power plant. Financial market analysis and financial data for major energy companies. Hawthorne Gardening Company stocks the full … EE and RE programs are not generally assumed to affect baseload power plants that run all the time, but rather marginal power plants that are brought online as necessary to meet demand. See EPA’s About PDF page to learn more. 2.94 metric tons CO2 equivalent /ton of waste recycled instead of landfilled x 7 tons/garbage truck = 20.58 metric tons CO2E/garbage truck of waste recycled instead of landfilled. Averaged across households in the United States, this amounts to 40,190 cubic feet of natural gas, 45 gallons of liquefied petroleum gas, and 29 gallons of fuel oil per home. According to WARM, the net emission reduction from recycling mixed recyclables (e.g., paper, metals, plastics), compared with a baseline in which the materials are landfilled (i.e., accounting for the avoided emissions from landfilling), is 2.94 metric tons CO2 equivalent per short ton, as calculated in the “Tons of waste recycled instead of landfilled” section above. For reference, to obtain the number of grams of CO2 emitted per gallon of gasoline combusted, the heat content of the fuel per gallon can be multiplied by the kg CO2 per heat content of the fuel. In 2016, a total of 293 power plants used coal to generate at least 95% of their electricity (EPA 2018). Assuming an average daily use of 3 hours per day, an incandescent bulb consumes 47.1 kWh per year, and an LED bulb consumes 9.9 kWh per year (EPA 2016). To estimate carbon sequestered (in metric tons of CO2) by additional forestry acres in one year, multiply the number of additional acres by -0.77 metric ton CO2 acre/year. International energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. The fraction oxidized to CO2 is 100 percent (IPCC 2006). Natural Gas Conversions – Frequently Asked Questions, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2017. EIA's free and open data available as API, Excel add-in, bulk files, and widgets. Carbon sequestration is dependent on growth rate, which varies by location and other conditions. Table VM-1. A 9 watt light-emitting diode (LED) bulb produces the same light output as a 43 watt incandescent light bulb. Annual Change in Emissions from Drained Organic Soils. 2.32 MWaverage capacity x 0.34 x 8,760 hours/year x 1,000 kWh/MWh x 6.6204 x 10-4 metric tons CO2/kWh reduced = 4,632 metric tons CO2/year/wind turbine installed. Please refer to the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2017 for a discussion of the definition of U.S. forests and methodology for estimating carbon stored in U.S. forests (EPA 2019). Volume 2 (Energy). These values are summed for the 10-year period, beginning from the time of planting, to derive the estimate of 23.2 lbs of carbon per coniferous tree or 38.0 lbs of carbon per deciduous tree. Liquid petroleum gas: 45.4 gallons per home × 1/42 barrels/gallon × 235.7 kg CO2/barrel × 1/1,000 kg/metric ton = 0.25 metric tons CO2/home, 4. The Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2017 estimates emissions from drained organic soils using U.S.-specific emission factors for cropland and IPCC (2014) default emission factors for forestland (EPA 2019). 8.89 × 10-3 metric tons CO2/gallon gasoline × 1/22.3 miles per gallon car/truck average × 1 CO2, CH4, and N2O/0.989 CO2 = 4.03 x 10-4 metric tons CO2E/mile. Through the process of photosynthesis, trees remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it as cellulose, lignin, and other compounds. Calculating the emission impacts of EE and RE on the electricity grid requires estimating the amount of fossil-fired generation and emissions being displaced by EE and RE. Regional energy information including dashboards, maps, data, and analyses. For reference, to obtain the number of grams of CO2 emitted per gallon of diesel combusted, the heat content of the fuel per gallon can be multiplied by the kg CO2 per heat content of the fuel. 18 pounds propane/1 cylinder × 0.817 pounds C/pound propane × 0.4536 kilograms/pound × 44 kg CO2/12 kg C × 1 metric ton/1,000 kg = 0.024 metric tons CO2/cylinder. Rep. PSW-GTR-253. EPA (2016). A typical gasoline tanker truck contains 8,500 gallons. Therefore, AVERT provides a national marginal emission factor for the Equivalencies Calculator. Total home electricity, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, and liquefied petroleum gas consumption figures were converted from their various units to metric tons of CO2 and added together to obtain total CO2 emissions per home. The average heat content of crude oil is 5.80 mmbtu per barrel (EPA 2019). *Negative values indicate carbon sequestration. This calculation, also found in the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2017 (EPA 2019), uses the USDA Forest Service estimates of carbon stocks in 2018 minus carbon stocks in 2017. Fuel oil: 29.3 gallons per home × 1/42 barrels/gallon × 429.61 kg CO2/barrel × 1/1,000 kg/metric ton = 0.30 metric tons CO2/home. The fraction oxidized to CO2 is 100 percent (IPCC 2006). “A carbon footprint is the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, event or product.” 1 It is calculated by summing the emissions resulting from every stage of a product or service’s lifetime (material production, manufacturing, use, and end-of-life). Highway Statistics 2017. 0.1 mmbtu equals one therm (EIA 2018). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland. The rate of accumulation is equal to growth minus removals (i.e., harvest for the production of paper and wood) minus decomposition. (This calculation includes carbon stocks in the aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, dead wood, litter, and soil organic and mineral carbon pools. Please also note that this calculation method assumes that all of the forest biomass is oxidized during clearing (i.e., none of the burned biomass remains as charcoal or ash). Nationwide household consumption of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and fuel oil totaled 5.02, 0.50, and 0.49 quadrillion Btu, respectively, in 2018 (EIA 2019a). 1 food calorie = 1,000 calories, or 1 kilocalorie, or 3.9683 Btu. Maps by energy source and topic, includes forecast maps. It was assumed that the electricity generated from an installed wind turbine would replace marginal sources of grid electricity. The average time required to completely recharge a smartphone battery is 2 hours (Ferreira et al. Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. A barrel equals 42 gallons. BTU output = (heater efficiency) * (BTU input). The national weighted average carbon dioxide marginal emission rate for delivered electricity in 2018 was 1,558.8 lbs CO2 per megawatt-hour, which accounts for losses during transmission and distribution (EPA 2019). The average wind capacity factor in the U.S. in 2017 was 34 percent (DOE 2018).
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